diff --git a/Documentation/git-backfill.adoc b/Documentation/git-backfill.adoc
index b8394dcf22b6e1..246ab417c24a10 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-backfill.adoc
+++ b/Documentation/git-backfill.adoc
@@ -63,9 +63,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	current sparse-checkout. If the sparse-checkout feature is enabled,
 	then `--sparse` is assumed and can be disabled with `--no-sparse`.
 
+You may also specify the commit limiting options from linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-clone[1].
+linkgit:git-clone[1],
+linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/builtin/backfill.c b/builtin/backfill.c
index e80fc1b694df61..edc19c01e50655 100644
--- a/builtin/backfill.c
+++ b/builtin/backfill.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct backfill_context {
 	struct oid_array current_batch;
 	size_t min_batch_size;
 	int sparse;
+	struct rev_info revs;
 };
 
 static void backfill_context_clear(struct backfill_context *ctx)
@@ -80,7 +81,6 @@ static int fill_missing_blobs(const char *path UNUSED,
 
 static int do_backfill(struct backfill_context *ctx)
 {
-	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct path_walk_info info = PATH_WALK_INFO_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -92,13 +92,14 @@ static int do_backfill(struct backfill_context *ctx)
 		}
 	}
 
-	repo_init_revisions(ctx->repo, &revs, "");
-	handle_revision_arg("HEAD", &revs, 0, 0);
+	/* Walk from HEAD if otherwise unspecified. */
+	if (!ctx->revs.pending.nr)
+		add_head_to_pending(&ctx->revs);
 
 	info.blobs = 1;
 	info.tags = info.commits = info.trees = 0;
 
-	info.revs = &revs;
+	info.revs = &ctx->revs;
 	info.path_fn = fill_missing_blobs;
 	info.path_fn_data = ctx;
 
@@ -109,7 +110,6 @@ static int do_backfill(struct backfill_context *ctx)
 		download_batch(ctx);
 
 	path_walk_info_clear(&info);
-	release_revisions(&revs);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ int cmd_backfill(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, struct reposit
 		.current_batch = OID_ARRAY_INIT,
 		.min_batch_size = 50000,
 		.sparse = 0,
+		.revs = REV_INFO_INIT,
 	};
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_UNSIGNED(0, "min-batch-size", &ctx.min_batch_size,
@@ -134,7 +135,15 @@ int cmd_backfill(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, struct reposit
 					 builtin_backfill_usage, options);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_backfill_usage,
-			     0);
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT |
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 |
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+
+	repo_init_revisions(repo, &ctx.revs, prefix);
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &ctx.revs, NULL);
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		die(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);
 
 	repo_config(repo, git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -143,5 +152,6 @@ int cmd_backfill(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, struct reposit
 
 	result = do_backfill(&ctx);
 	backfill_context_clear(&ctx);
+	release_revisions(&ctx.revs);
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/path-walk.c b/path-walk.c
index 364e4cfa19b2e4..2aa3e7d8a4133d 100644
--- a/path-walk.c
+++ b/path-walk.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
+#include "path.h"
 #include "prio-queue.h"
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "revision.h"
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ struct path_walk_context {
 	 */
 	struct prio_queue path_stack;
 	struct strset path_stack_pushed;
+
+	unsigned exact_pathspecs:1;
 };
 
 static int compare_by_type(const void *one, const void *two, void *cb_data)
@@ -206,6 +209,33 @@ static int add_tree_entries(struct path_walk_context *ctx,
 				 match != MATCHED)
 				continue;
 		}
+		if (ctx->revs->prune_data.nr && ctx->exact_pathspecs) {
+			struct pathspec *pd = &ctx->revs->prune_data;
+			bool found = false;
+			int did_strip_suffix = strbuf_strip_suffix(&path, "/");
+
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < pd->nr; i++) {
+				struct pathspec_item *item = &pd->items[i];
+
+				/*
+				 * Continue if either is a directory prefix
+				 * of the other.
+				 */
+				if (dir_prefix(path.buf, item->match) ||
+				    dir_prefix(item->match, path.buf)) {
+					found = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (did_strip_suffix)
+				strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+
+			/* Skip paths that do not match the prefix. */
+			if (!found)
+				continue;
+		}
 
 		add_path_to_list(ctx, path.buf, type, &entry.oid,
 				 !(o->flags & UNINTERESTING));
@@ -274,6 +304,13 @@ static int walk_path(struct path_walk_context *ctx,
 			return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (list->type == OBJ_BLOB &&
+	    ctx->revs->prune_data.nr &&
+	    !match_pathspec(ctx->repo->index, &ctx->revs->prune_data,
+			   path, strlen(path), 0,
+			   NULL, 0))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* Evaluate function pointer on this data, if requested. */
 	if ((list->type == OBJ_TREE && ctx->info->trees) ||
 	    (list->type == OBJ_BLOB && ctx->info->blobs) ||
@@ -481,6 +518,12 @@ int walk_objects_by_path(struct path_walk_info *info)
 	if (info->tags)
 		info->revs->tag_objects = 1;
 
+	if (ctx.revs->prune_data.nr) {
+		if (!ctx.revs->prune_data.has_wildcard &&
+		    !ctx.revs->prune_data.magic)
+			ctx.exact_pathspecs = 1;
+	}
+
 	/* Insert a single list for the root tree into the paths. */
 	CALLOC_ARRAY(root_tree_list, 1);
 	root_tree_list->type = OBJ_TREE;
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index d726537622cda6..aebb10b2e93a34 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ static void strbuf_cleanup_path(struct strbuf *sb)
 		strbuf_remove(sb, 0, path - sb->buf);
 }
 
-static int dir_prefix(const char *buf, const char *dir)
+int dir_prefix(const char *buf, const char *dir)
 {
 	int len = strlen(dir);
 	return !strncmp(buf, dir, len) &&
diff --git a/path.h b/path.h
index 0ec95a0b079c90..829fafd7e9d8e0 100644
--- a/path.h
+++ b/path.h
@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ const char *repo_submodule_path_replace(struct repository *repo,
 					const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)));
 
+/*
+ * Given a directory name 'dir' (not ending with a trailing '/'),
+ * determine if 'buf' is equal to 'dir' or has prefix 'dir'+'/'.
+ */
+int dir_prefix(const char *buf, const char *dir);
+
 void report_linked_checkout_garbage(struct repository *r);
 
 /*
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index b36acfc2d9f61d..18c9bbd8227bf2 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "notes.h"
+#include "object-name.h"
 #include "oidset.h"
 #include "pretty.h"
 #include "diff.h"
diff --git a/t/t5620-backfill.sh b/t/t5620-backfill.sh
index 58c81556e72c89..2c347a91fe6d9f 100755
--- a/t/t5620-backfill.sh
+++ b/t/t5620-backfill.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ export GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+test_expect_success 'backfill rejects unexpected arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git backfill unexpected-arg 2>err &&
+	test_grep "ambiguous argument .*unexpected-arg" err &&
+
+	test_must_fail git backfill --all --unexpected-arg --first-parent 2>err &&
+	test_grep "unrecognized argument: --unexpected-arg" err
+'
+
 # We create objects in the 'src' repo.
 test_expect_success 'setup repo for object creation' '
 	echo "{print \$1}" >print_1.awk &&
@@ -15,7 +23,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repo for object creation' '
 	git init src &&
 
 	mkdir -p src/a/b/c &&
-	mkdir -p src/d/e &&
+	mkdir -p src/d/f &&
 
 	for i in 1 2
 	do
@@ -26,8 +34,9 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repo for object creation' '
 			echo "Version $i of file a/b/$n" > src/a/b/file.$n.txt &&
 			echo "Version $i of file a/b/c/$n" > src/a/b/c/file.$n.txt &&
 			echo "Version $i of file d/$n" > src/d/file.$n.txt &&
-			echo "Version $i of file d/e/$n" > src/d/e/file.$n.txt &&
+			echo "Version $i of file d/f/$n" > src/d/f/file.$n.txt &&
 			git -C src add . &&
+			test_tick &&
 			git -C src commit -m "Iteration $n" || return 1
 		done
 	done
@@ -41,6 +50,53 @@ test_expect_success 'setup bare clone for server' '
 	git -C srv.bare config --local uploadpack.allowanysha1inwant 1
 '
 
+# Create a version of the repo with branches for testing revision
+# arguments like --all, --first-parent, and --since.
+#
+# main: 8 commits (linear) + merge of side branch
+#   48 original blobs + 4 side blobs = 52 blobs from main HEAD
+# side: 2 commits adding s/file.{1,2}.txt (v1, v2), merged into main
+# other: 1 commit adding o/file.{1,2}.txt (not merged)
+#   54 total blobs reachable from --all
+test_expect_success 'setup branched repo for revision tests' '
+	git clone src src-revs &&
+
+	# Side branch from tip of main with unique files
+	git -C src-revs checkout -b side HEAD &&
+	mkdir -p src-revs/s &&
+	echo "Side version 1 of file 1" >src-revs/s/file.1.txt &&
+	echo "Side version 1 of file 2" >src-revs/s/file.2.txt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git -C src-revs add . &&
+	git -C src-revs commit -m "Side commit 1" &&
+
+	echo "Side version 2 of file 1" >src-revs/s/file.1.txt &&
+	echo "Side version 2 of file 2" >src-revs/s/file.2.txt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git -C src-revs add . &&
+	git -C src-revs commit -m "Side commit 2" &&
+
+	# Merge side into main
+	git -C src-revs checkout main &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git -C src-revs merge side --no-ff -m "Merge side branch" &&
+
+	# Other branch (not merged) for --all testing
+	git -C src-revs checkout -b other main~1 &&
+	mkdir -p src-revs/o &&
+	echo "Other content 1" >src-revs/o/file.1.txt &&
+	echo "Other content 2" >src-revs/o/file.2.txt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git -C src-revs add . &&
+	git -C src-revs commit -m "Other commit" &&
+
+	git -C src-revs checkout main &&
+
+	git clone --bare "file://$(pwd)/src-revs" srv-revs.bare &&
+	git -C srv-revs.bare config --local uploadpack.allowfilter 1 &&
+	git -C srv-revs.bare config --local uploadpack.allowanysha1inwant 1
+'
+
 # do basic partial clone from "srv.bare"
 test_expect_success 'do partial clone 1, backfill gets all objects' '
 	git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none	\
@@ -176,6 +232,157 @@ test_expect_success 'backfill --sparse without cone mode (negative)' '
 	test_line_count = 12 missing
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'backfill with revision range' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-revs &&
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none		\
+		--single-branch --branch=main   		\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" backfill-revs &&
+
+	# No blobs yet
+	git -C backfill-revs rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 48 missing &&
+
+	git -C backfill-revs backfill HEAD~2..HEAD &&
+
+	# 30 objects downloaded.
+	git -C backfill-revs rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 18 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with revisions over stdin' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-revs &&
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none		\
+		--single-branch --branch=main   		\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" backfill-revs &&
+
+	# No blobs yet
+	git -C backfill-revs rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 48 missing &&
+
+	cat >in <<-EOF &&
+	HEAD
+	^HEAD~2
+	EOF
+
+	git -C backfill-revs backfill --stdin <in &&
+
+	# 30 objects downloaded.
+	git -C backfill-revs rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 18 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with prefix pathspec' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-path &&
+	git clone --bare --filter=blob:none		        \
+		--single-branch --branch=main   		\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" backfill-path &&
+
+	# No blobs yet
+	git -C backfill-path rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 48 missing &&
+
+	git -C backfill-path backfill HEAD -- d/f 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+
+	git -C backfill-path rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 40 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with multiple pathspecs' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-path &&
+	git clone --bare --filter=blob:none		        \
+		--single-branch --branch=main   		\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" backfill-path &&
+
+	# No blobs yet
+	git -C backfill-path rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 48 missing &&
+
+	git -C backfill-path backfill HEAD -- d/f a 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+
+	git -C backfill-path rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 16 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with wildcard pathspec' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-path &&
+	git clone --bare --filter=blob:none		        \
+		--single-branch --branch=main   		\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" backfill-path &&
+
+	# No blobs yet
+	git -C backfill-path rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 48 missing &&
+
+	git -C backfill-path backfill HEAD -- "d/file.*.txt" 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+
+	git -C backfill-path rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 40 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with --all' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-all &&
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none		\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv-revs.bare" backfill-all &&
+
+	# All blobs from all refs are missing
+	git -C backfill-all rev-list --quiet --objects --all --missing=print >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 54 missing &&
+
+	# Backfill from HEAD gets main blobs only
+	git -C backfill-all backfill HEAD &&
+
+	# Other branch blobs still missing
+	git -C backfill-all rev-list --quiet --objects --all --missing=print >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 2 missing &&
+
+	# Backfill with --all gets everything
+	git -C backfill-all backfill --all &&
+
+	git -C backfill-all rev-list --quiet --objects --all --missing=print >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 0 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with --first-parent' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-fp &&
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none		\
+		--single-branch --branch=main			\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv-revs.bare" backfill-fp &&
+
+	git -C backfill-fp rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 52 missing &&
+
+	# --first-parent skips the side branch commits, so
+	# s/file.{1,2}.txt v1 blobs (only in side commit 1) are missed.
+	git -C backfill-fp backfill --first-parent HEAD &&
+
+	git -C backfill-fp rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 2 missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'backfill with --since' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf backfill-since &&
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none		\
+		--single-branch --branch=main			\
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv-revs.bare" backfill-since &&
+
+	git -C backfill-since rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 52 missing &&
+
+	# Use a cutoff between commits 4 and 5 (between v1 and v2
+	# iterations). Commits 5-8 still carry v1 of files 2-4 in
+	# their trees, but v1 of file.1.txt is only in commits 1-4.
+	SINCE=$(git -C backfill-since log --first-parent --reverse \
+		--format=%ct HEAD~1 | sed -n 5p) &&
+	git -C backfill-since backfill --since="@$((SINCE - 1))" HEAD &&
+
+	# 6 missing: v1 of file.1.txt in all 6 directories
+	git -C backfill-since rev-list --quiet --objects --missing=print HEAD >missing &&
+	test_line_count = 6 missing
+'
+
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 start_httpd