diff --git a/packages/dev-middleware/src/__tests__/InspectorProxySocketErrors-test.js b/packages/dev-middleware/src/__tests__/InspectorProxySocketErrors-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..17902c33e45c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/dev-middleware/src/__tests__/InspectorProxySocketErrors-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @flow strict-local
+ * @format
+ */
+
+import {fetchJson} from './FetchUtils';
+import {createDeviceMock} from './InspectorDeviceUtils';
+import {withAbortSignalForEachTest} from './ResourceUtils';
+import {withServerForEachTest} from './ServerUtils';
+import until from 'wait-for-expect';
+import WS from 'ws';
+
+// WebSocket is unreliable when using fake timers.
+jest.useRealTimers();
+
+jest.setTimeout(10000);
+
+/**
+ * A socket-level failure on one connection must not be fatal to the proxy.
+ *
+ * Without an 'error' listener on the accepted socket, Node throws on the
+ * unhandled 'error' event and the whole dev server exits — so a single
+ * misbehaving peer can end everyone's session. Reported as #57793, where a
+ * normally-connected iOS simulator tripped the `maxFragments` cap in the
+ * vendored `ws` and took Metro down with it.
+ */
+describe('inspector proxy socket errors', () => {
+  const serverRef = withServerForEachTest({
+    logger: undefined,
+    secure: false,
+  });
+  const autoCleanup = withAbortSignalForEachTest();
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  test.each([
+    ['device', '/inspector/device?device=badDevice&name=foo&app=bar'],
+    ['debugger', '/inspector/debug?device=badDevice&page=1'],
+  ])(
+    'a protocol error on a %s connection does not take down the proxy',
+    async (_role, path) => {
+      // A well-behaved device, so there is a live session to lose.
+      const device = await createDeviceMock(
+        `${serverRef.serverBaseWsUrl}/inspector/device?device=device1&name=foo&app=bar`,
+        autoCleanup.signal,
+      );
+      try {
+        device.getPages.mockImplementation(() => [
+          {
+            app: 'bar-app',
+            id: 'page1',
+            title: 'bar-title',
+            vm: 'bar-vm',
+          },
+        ]);
+        await until(async () =>
+          expect((await fetchJson(`${serverRef.serverBaseUrl}/json`)).length)
+            .toBeGreaterThan(0),
+        );
+
+        // Now break one connection at the protocol level: a single message in
+        // more fragments than the vendored `ws` permits, which fails the
+        // receiver with RangeError and close code 1008.
+        const bad = new WS(`${serverRef.serverBaseWsUrl}${path}`);
+        bad.on('error', () => {});
+        await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+          bad.on('open', resolve);
+          bad.on('close', resolve);
+          bad.on('error', reject);
+        }).catch(() => {});
+
+        if (bad.readyState === WS.OPEN) {
+          const sender = bad._sender;
+          sender.send(Buffer.from('x'), {fin: false, opcode: 1, mask: true}, () => {});
+          for (let i = 0; i < 17000; i++) {
+            sender.send(Buffer.from('x'), {fin: false, opcode: 0, mask: true}, () => {});
+          }
+          sender.send(Buffer.from('x'), {fin: true, opcode: 0, mask: true}, () => {});
+        }
+
+        // The proxy is still serving, and the healthy device is still listed.
+        await until(async () => {
+          const pages = await fetchJson(`${serverRef.serverBaseUrl}/json`);
+          expect(pages.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+      } finally {
+        device.close();
+      }
+    },
+  );
+});
diff --git a/packages/dev-middleware/src/inspector-proxy/InspectorProxy.js b/packages/dev-middleware/src/inspector-proxy/InspectorProxy.js
index f260dd5a5a38..101755ac833c 100644
--- a/packages/dev-middleware/src/inspector-proxy/InspectorProxy.js
+++ b/packages/dev-middleware/src/inspector-proxy/InspectorProxy.js
@@ -334,6 +334,23 @@ export default class InspectorProxy implements InspectorProxyQueries {
     });
     // $FlowFixMe[value-as-type]
     wss.on('connection', async (socket: WS, req) => {
+      // Attached before the first await: this handler is async, so an error
+      // arriving while it is suspended would otherwise have no listener. In
+      // Node an 'error' event with no listener throws, which takes down the
+      // whole dev server over a single bad connection.
+      socket.on('error', error => {
+        this.#logger?.error(
+          'Error on device connection, closing it: %s',
+          error?.message ?? String(error),
+        );
+        // terminate() rather than close(): close() waits for a closing
+        // handshake, and a socket that failed mid-frame may never complete
+        // one, which would leak the connection instead.
+        try {
+          socket.terminate();
+        } catch {}
+      });
+
       const wssTimestamp = Date.now();
 
       const fallbackDeviceId = String(this.#deviceCounter++);
@@ -523,6 +540,23 @@ export default class InspectorProxy implements InspectorProxyQueries {
 
     // $FlowFixMe[value-as-type]
     wss.on('connection', async (socket: WS, req) => {
+      // Attached before the first await: this handler is async, so an error
+      // arriving while it is suspended would otherwise have no listener. In
+      // Node an 'error' event with no listener throws, which takes down the
+      // whole dev server over a single bad connection.
+      socket.on('error', error => {
+        this.#logger?.error(
+          'Error on debugger connection, closing it: %s',
+          error?.message ?? String(error),
+        );
+        // terminate() rather than close(): close() waits for a closing
+        // handshake, and a socket that failed mid-frame may never complete
+        // one, which would leak the connection instead.
+        try {
+          socket.terminate();
+        } catch {}
+      });
+
       const wssTimestamp = Date.now();
 
       const query = tryParseQueryParams(req.url);