fix(db-sqlite-persistence-core): add schema-aware overloads to persistedCollectionOptions

[merodiro]

Closes #1452

Summary

• persistedCollectionOptions was missing schema-aware overloads, so TSchema defaulted to never when a schema was passed, making the result incompatible with createCollection
• Added four schema/no-schema overloads matching the pattern used by localOnlyCollectionOptions and localStorageCollectionOptions
• Added type tests covering schema inference and createCollection compatibility for both sync-present and sync-absent modes

Note on error messages

Adding schema-aware overloads changes the order TypeScript evaluates overloads when a call is invalid. Previously, calling persistedCollectionOptions without persistence in sync-present mode would report the error on the function call itself. Now TypeScript reports it on the sync property inside the object literal, since the last overload it tries is the sync-absent one (which Omits sync). The type safety is unchanged - the call still fails to compile without persistence - only the error location and message differ. This is the same behavior seen in createCollection, which has 8 overloads.

Test plan

• npx tsc --noEmit passes with zero errors
• npx vitest run --typecheck passes (8 type tests in persisted.test-d.ts)
• Existing tests unchanged and passing
• Verified no breakage in other packages using persistedCollectionOptions with 2 or 4 explicit type args