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GH-49310: [C++][Compute] Fix segmentation fault in pyarrow.compute.if_else #49375

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GH-49310: [C++][Compute] Fix segmentation fault in pyarrow.compute.if_else #49375

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5274ec7
Initial draft
Anakin100100 Feb 23, 2026
a8fa083
Merge branch 'apache:main' into fix/compute-if-else-array-overflow
Anakin100100 Feb 23, 2026
713f8bc
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Anakin100100 Feb 28, 2026
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50 changes: 37 additions & 13 deletions cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/scalar_if_else.cc
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
// under the License.

#include <cstring>
#include <limits>
#include "arrow/array/builder_nested.h"
#include "arrow/array/builder_primitive.h"
#include "arrow/array/builder_time.h"
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -688,6 +689,17 @@ struct IfElseFunctor<Type, enable_if_base_binary<Type>> {
using ArrayType = typename TypeTraits<Type>::ArrayType;
using BuilderType = typename TypeTraits<Type>::BuilderType;

static Status ValidateCapacityForOffsetType(int64_t data_bytes) {
int64_t max_offset = static_cast<int64_t>(std::numeric_limits<OffsetType>::max());
if (data_bytes > max_offset) {
return Status::CapacityError("Result may exceed offset capacity for this type: ",
data_bytes, " > ", max_offset,
". Convert inputs to a type that uses an int64 based "
"index such as a large_string");
}
return Status::OK();
}

// A - Array, S - Scalar, X = Array/Scalar

// SXX
Expand All @@ -712,9 +724,12 @@ struct IfElseFunctor<Type, enable_if_base_binary<Type>> {
const uint8_t* right_data = right.buffers[2].data;

// allocate data buffer conservatively
int64_t data_buff_alloc = left_offsets[left.length] - left_offsets[0] +
right_offsets[right.length] - right_offsets[0];
int64_t data_buff_alloc = (static_cast<int64_t>(left_offsets[left.length]) -
static_cast<int64_t>(left_offsets[0])) +
(static_cast<int64_t>(right_offsets[right.length]) -
static_cast<int64_t>(right_offsets[0]));

ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ValidateCapacityForOffsetType(data_buff_alloc));
BuilderType builder(ctx->memory_pool());
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(builder.Reserve(cond.length + 1));
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(builder.ReserveData(data_buff_alloc));
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -745,18 +760,21 @@ struct IfElseFunctor<Type, enable_if_base_binary<Type>> {
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(out_data->buffers[1], ctx->Allocate(offset_length));
std::memcpy(out_data->buffers[1]->mutable_data(), right_offsets, offset_length);

auto right_data_length = right_offsets[right.length] - right_offsets[0];
int64_t right_data_length = static_cast<int64_t>(right_offsets[right.length]) -
static_cast<int64_t>(right_offsets[0]);
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(out_data->buffers[2], ctx->Allocate(right_data_length));
std::memcpy(out_data->buffers[2]->mutable_data(), right_data, right_data_length);
return Status::OK();
}

std::string_view left_data = internal::UnboxScalar<Type>::Unbox(left);
auto left_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(left_data.size());

// allocate data buffer conservatively
int64_t data_buff_alloc =
left_size * cond.length + right_offsets[right.length] - right_offsets[0];
int64_t data_buff_alloc = static_cast<int64_t>(left_data.size()) * cond.length +
(static_cast<int64_t>(right_offsets[right.length]) -
static_cast<int64_t>(right_offsets[0]));
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ValidateCapacityForOffsetType(data_buff_alloc));
auto left_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(left_data.size());

BuilderType builder(ctx->memory_pool());
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(builder.Reserve(cond.length + 1));
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -785,18 +803,22 @@ struct IfElseFunctor<Type, enable_if_base_binary<Type>> {
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(out_data->buffers[1], ctx->Allocate(offset_length));
std::memcpy(out_data->buffers[1]->mutable_data(), left_offsets, offset_length);

auto left_data_length = left_offsets[left.length] - left_offsets[0];
int64_t left_data_length = static_cast<int64_t>(left_offsets[left.length]) -
static_cast<int64_t>(left_offsets[0]);
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ValidateCapacityForOffsetType(left_data_length));
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(out_data->buffers[2], ctx->Allocate(left_data_length));
std::memcpy(out_data->buffers[2]->mutable_data(), left_data, left_data_length);
return Status::OK();
}

std::string_view right_data = internal::UnboxScalar<Type>::Unbox(right);
auto right_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(right_data.size());

// allocate data buffer conservatively
int64_t data_buff_alloc =
right_size * cond.length + left_offsets[left.length] - left_offsets[0];
int64_t data_buff_alloc = static_cast<int64_t>(right_data.size()) * cond.length +
(static_cast<int64_t>(left_offsets[left.length]) -
static_cast<int64_t>(left_offsets[0]));
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ValidateCapacityForOffsetType(data_buff_alloc));
auto right_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(right_data.size());

BuilderType builder(ctx->memory_pool());
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(builder.Reserve(cond.length + 1));
Expand All @@ -817,13 +839,15 @@ struct IfElseFunctor<Type, enable_if_base_binary<Type>> {
static Status Call(KernelContext* ctx, const ArraySpan& cond, const Scalar& left,
const Scalar& right, ExecResult* out) {
std::string_view left_data = internal::UnboxScalar<Type>::Unbox(left);
auto left_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(left_data.size());

std::string_view right_data = internal::UnboxScalar<Type>::Unbox(right);
auto right_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(right_data.size());

// allocate data buffer conservatively
int64_t data_buff_alloc = std::max(right_size, left_size) * cond.length;
int64_t data_buff_alloc =
static_cast<int64_t>(std::max(left_data.size(), right_data.size())) * cond.length;
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ValidateCapacityForOffsetType(data_buff_alloc));
auto left_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(left_data.size());
auto right_size = static_cast<OffsetType>(right_data.size());
BuilderType builder(ctx->memory_pool());
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(builder.Reserve(cond.length + 1));
ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(builder.ReserveData(data_buff_alloc));
Expand Down
88 changes: 88 additions & 0 deletions cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/scalar_if_else_test.cc
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#include <limits>
#include <numeric>

#include <gtest/gtest.h>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -608,6 +609,93 @@ TYPED_TEST(TestIfElseBaseBinary, IfElseBaseBinaryRand) {
CheckIfElseOutput(cond, left, right, expected_data);
}

Result<std::shared_ptr<Array>> MakeAllocatedVarBinaryArray(
const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& type, int64_t data_length) {
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto values, AllocateBuffer(data_length));
if (type->id() == Type::STRING || type->id() == Type::BINARY) {
if (data_length > std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) {
return Status::Invalid("data_length exceeds int32 offset range");
}
auto offsets =
Buffer::FromVector(std::vector<int32_t>{0, static_cast<int32_t>(data_length)});
return MakeArray(
ArrayData::Make(type, 1, {nullptr, std::move(offsets), std::move(values)}));
}
if (type->id() != Type::LARGE_STRING && type->id() != Type::LARGE_BINARY) {
return Status::TypeError("unsupported var-binary type for helper: ", *type);
}
auto offsets = Buffer::FromVector(std::vector<int64_t>{0, data_length});
return MakeArray(
ArrayData::Make(type, 1, {nullptr, std::move(offsets), std::move(values)}));
}

TEST_F(TestIfElseKernel, IfElseStringAndLargeStringAAAOverflowBehavior) {
constexpr int64_t kPerSide =
static_cast<int64_t>(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() / 2) + 4096;
auto cond = ArrayFromJSON(boolean(), "[true]");

auto check = [&](const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& type, bool expect_capacity_error) {
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto left, MakeAllocatedVarBinaryArray(type, kPerSide));
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto right, MakeAllocatedVarBinaryArray(type, kPerSide));

auto maybe_out = CallFunction("if_else", {cond, left, right});
if (expect_capacity_error) {
ASSERT_TRUE(maybe_out.status().IsCapacityError()) << maybe_out.status();
ASSERT_THAT(
maybe_out.status().message(),
::testing::HasSubstr("Result may exceed offset capacity for this type"));
} else {
ASSERT_OK(maybe_out.status()) << maybe_out.status();
}
};

check(TypeTraits<StringType>::type_singleton(), true);
check(TypeTraits<LargeStringType>::type_singleton(), false);
}

TEST_F(TestIfElseKernel, IfElseBinaryCapacityErrorASA) {
constexpr int32_t capacity_limit = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();

auto cond = ArrayFromJSON(boolean(), "[true]");
auto left = Datum(std::make_shared<BinaryScalar>("x"));
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
auto right, MakeAllocatedVarBinaryArray(TypeTraits<StringType>::type_singleton(),
capacity_limit));

EXPECT_RAISES_WITH_MESSAGE_THAT(
CapacityError,
::testing::HasSubstr("Result may exceed offset capacity for this type"),
CallFunction("if_else", {cond, left, right}));
}

TEST_F(TestIfElseKernel, IfElseBinaryCapacityErrorAAS) {
constexpr int32_t capacity_limit = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();

auto cond = ArrayFromJSON(boolean(), "[false]");
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
auto left, MakeAllocatedVarBinaryArray(TypeTraits<StringType>::type_singleton(),
capacity_limit));
auto right = Datum(std::make_shared<BinaryScalar>("x"));

EXPECT_RAISES_WITH_MESSAGE_THAT(
CapacityError,
::testing::HasSubstr("Result may exceed offset capacity for this type"),
CallFunction("if_else", {cond, left, right}));
}

TEST_F(TestIfElseKernel, IfElseBinaryCapacityErrorASS) {
constexpr int64_t kLength = 3000;
std::string payload(1 << 20, 'x');
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto cond, MakeArrayFromScalar(BooleanScalar(true), kLength));
auto left = Datum(std::make_shared<BinaryScalar>(payload));
auto right = Datum(std::make_shared<BinaryScalar>("x"));

EXPECT_RAISES_WITH_MESSAGE_THAT(
CapacityError,
::testing::HasSubstr("Result may exceed offset capacity for this type"),
CallFunction("if_else", {cond, left, right}));
}

TEST_F(TestIfElseKernel, IfElseFSBinary) {
auto type = fixed_size_binary(4);

Expand Down
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