GH-50849: [Python] Return correct ParquetLogicalType.type for geometry/geography

[jorisvandenbossche]

Rationale for this change

Fix the return value of ParquetLogicalType.type for geometry/geography types

Are these changes tested?

Yes

Are there any user-facing changes?

Not apart from the bug fix

• GitHub Issue: [Python] the type of ParquetLogicalType not correctly returned for Geometry/Geography #50849

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes the Python Parquet metadata binding so ParquetLogicalType.type returns the correct string for the GEOMETRY/GEOGRAPHY logical types, matching the underlying Parquet logical type enum.

Changes:

• Extend the logical type enum-to-name mapping to include GEOMETRY and GEOGRAPHY.
• Add a regression test that reads geospatial Parquet fixtures and asserts the logical type name and geo statistics accessors.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
python/pyarrow/_parquet.pyx	Adds GEOMETRY/GEOGRAPHY to the enum name mapping used by ParquetLogicalType.type.
python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_metadata.py	Adds regression coverage for geometry/geography logical types and geo statistics.

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.