fix: Set Substrait output types for expressions

[wlhjason]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes Ensure Substrait producer for BinaryExpr includes output_type #15831.

Rationale for this change

The Substrait producer did not set the ScalarFunction output_type when converting binary expressions, which broke consumers relying on the output_type.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Refactor from_join and from_between to eliminate direct calls to make_binary_op_scalar_func
• Set the Substrait ScalarFunction output_type when converting several types of DataFusion expressions:
  • Binary expressions (Expr::BinaryExpr)
  • Unary expressions (like Expr::Not)
  • Scalar functions (Expr::ScalarFunction)

There are a few more places where the output_type has not been set, such as from_like and from_in_list, as mentioned in #15831. I've left these out of scope here as fixing them would require more substantial code changes.

Are these changes tested?

Yes, via a new unit test.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No, beyond the Substrait output fix.