Introduce Telemetry Processor

[solnic]

⚠️ Proposed plan for 12.0.0 release

1. Structured logging included using Telemetry Processor by default
2. Remaining categories (:errors, :check_ins, :transactions) can be enabled for Telemetry Processor using a new option called telemetry_processor_categories - I'll add those in separate PRs
3. At some point original sender gets deprecated
4. In 13.0.0 we replace sender with telemetry processor

Summary

Introduce the TelemetryProcessor — an OTP Supervisor that buffers, batches, and ships log events to Sentry asynchronously, implementing the Backend Telemetry Processor spec.

This is step 1 and currently only the :log category is routed through it. Errors, transactions, and check-ins continue using existing transport paths.

Architecture

• Buffer — Fixed-capacity FIFO queue (1000 items), drops oldest on overflow
• Scheduler — Signal-based drain coordination with weighted round-robin priority and integrated bounded transport queue (1000 items), sequential HTTP sends via spawn_monitor
• TelemetryProcessor — Supervisor owning Buffer + Scheduler, exposes add/2 and flush/0

Data flow

flowchart TD
    L["Logger"] --> LB["LogsBackend"]
    LB --> TP["TelemetryProcessor.add/2"]
    TP -->|cast| B["Buffer (1000 items)"]
    TP -->|cast| S["Scheduler"]
    S -->|poll| B
    B -->|batch| S
    S -->|spawn_monitor| HTTP["HTTP POST to Sentry"]

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