feat: add cast_value and scale_offset codecs

[d-v-b]

Defines two new codecs that together provide a v3-native replacement for the existing numcodecs.fixedscaleoffset codec.

The cast_value codec requires an optional dependency on the cast-value-rs package. The reason for bringing in rust here is because it gives us better average speed and much better memory usage than a numpy implementation. Happy to show this with benchmarks if needed.

fwiw, I would rather not define these codecs in zarr-python. In fact I already defined these codec classes in another package. But it's not possible to make zarr-python depend on an externally-defined codec without creating a circular dependency, so here we are. See discussion in the related issue.

related, and possibly closes #3867

[d-v-b]

cc @emmanuelmathot

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 56.49718% with 77 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 92.41%. Comparing base (c966cfa) to head (3f8cfdb).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/zarr/codecs/cast_value.py	33.92%	74 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/scale_offset.py	95.08%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3874      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.98%   92.41%   -0.57%     
==========================================
  Files          87       89       +2     
  Lines       11246    11423     +177     
==========================================
+ Hits        10457    10557     +100     
- Misses        789      866      +77     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/zarr/codecs/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/zarr/codecs/scale_offset.py	95.08% <95.08%> (ø)
src/zarr/codecs/cast_value.py	33.92% <33.92%> (ø)

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