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14 changes: 13 additions & 1 deletion source/devices/AM62LX/linux/Linux_Performance_Guide.rst
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -802,7 +802,19 @@
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

These are power measurements taken while the device is in various low power modes like
DeepSleep, RTC + I/O + DDR, and RTC Only.
DSS plus DeepSleep, DeepSleep, RTC + I/O + DDR, and RTC Only.

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[vale] reported by reviewdog 🐶 [RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'RTC') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar. Raw Output: {"message": "[RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'RTC') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar.", "location": {"path": "source/devices/AM62LX/linux/Linux_Performance_Guide.rst", "range": {"start": {"line": 805, "column": 53}}}, "severity": "INFO"}

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[vale] reported by reviewdog 🐶 [RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'DDR') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar. Raw Output: {"message": "[RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'DDR') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar.", "location": {"path": "source/devices/AM62LX/linux/Linux_Performance_Guide.rst", "range": {"start": {"line": 805, "column": 44}}}, "severity": "INFO"}

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[vale] reported by reviewdog 🐶 [RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'RTC') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar. Raw Output: {"message": "[RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'RTC') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar.", "location": {"path": "source/devices/AM62LX/linux/Linux_Performance_Guide.rst", "range": {"start": {"line": 805, "column": 32}}}, "severity": "INFO"}

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[vale] reported by reviewdog 🐶 [RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'DSS') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar. Raw Output: {"message": "[RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'DSS') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar.", "location": {"path": "source/devices/AM62LX/linux/Linux_Performance_Guide.rst", "range": {"start": {"line": 805, "column": 1}}}, "severity": "INFO"}

.. csv-table:: DSS plus DeepSleep Power Performance

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[vale] reported by reviewdog 🐶 [RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'DSS') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar. Raw Output: {"message": "[RedHat.Definitions] Define acronyms and abbreviations (such as 'DSS') on first occurrence if they're likely to be unfamiliar.", "location": {"path": "source/devices/AM62LX/linux/Linux_Performance_Guide.rst", "range": {"start": {"line": 807, "column": 16}}}, "severity": "INFO"}
:header: "Rail name","Rail voltage(V)","Power (mW)"

"vdd_core", "0.75", "44.66"
"soc_dvdd_1v8", "1.80", "1.77"
"soc_dvdd_3v3", "3.30", "3.64"
"vdda_1v8", "1.80", "18.82"
"vdd_lpddr4_pmic2", "1.10", "1.06"
"vdd_rtc", "0.75", "0.03"
"vdd_rtc_1v8", "1.80", "0.01"
"Total"," ","69.99"

.. csv-table:: DeepSleep Power Performance
:header: "Rail name","Rail voltage(V)","Power (mW)"
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Expand Up @@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
- Out-of-Box experience based on LVGL (Light and Versatile Graphics Library) - :ref:`TI LVGL Demo - User Guide <TI-LVGL-Demo-User-Guide-label>`
- Security: Post Quantum Cryptography using Module Lattice (ML) Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) or ML-KEM, ML Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) or ML-DSA, and Stateless Hash-Based (SLH) DSA or SLH-DSA - :ref:`Post Quantum Cryptography <post_quantum_cryptography>`
- Power Management: Active power saving using Standby and Deep Standby Mode - :ref:`Standby Mode <am62l_standby_mode>`
- Power Management: Display static image with SoC in low power - :ref:`DSS plus DeepSleep mode <lpm_dss_ds>`

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**Component version:**

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Expand Up @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
#. RTC Only
#. RTC + I/O + DDR
#. DeepSleep
#. DSS plus DeepSleep

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RTC Only
********
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -172,36 +173,187 @@
[ 88.649913] PM: suspend exit
root@am62lxx-evm:~#

.. _lpm_dss_ds:

DSS plus DeepSleep

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******************

DSS plus DeepSleep is a low-power mode where the Display Subsystem (DSS) is **ON** to display
a static image while the rest of the system enters DeepSleep. This mode is useful for
applications that need to keep visual output during system suspend, such as displaying
status information, warnings, or other static content while minimizing overall power consumption.

In DSS plus DeepSleep mode, the system state stays in RAM with DDR in self-refresh,

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similar to standard DeepSleep. The key difference is that the DSS remains active and
powered to continue driving the display with a static framebuffer. The DSS has a self-refresh
feature that allows it to fetch the framebuffer from its internal memory instead of accessing
DDR, which helps reduce power consumption while maintaining display output.

How It Works
============

DSS plus DeepSleep requires two display properties:

**SELF_REFRESH**

This property enables the DSS hardware to replay the last displayed frame from its internal
on-chip memory (a small FIFO buffer) instead of continuously fetching from DDR. This
significantly reduces memory bandwidth and power consumption during suspend.

The AM62L-DSS has a 20 KB FIFO buffer. For the self-refresh feature to work, the static
image must fit within this buffer. The size is:

**Frame Size = Width × Height × Bytes-per-pixel**

For NV12 format (1.5 bytes per pixel), this means:

**Width × Height × 1.5 ≤ 20,480 bytes**

**Width × Height ≤ 13,653 pixels**

For example, a 116×116 NV12 image requires 116 × 116 × 1.5 = 20,184 bytes, which is the
maximum size that fits within the 20 KB limit. If the frame is too large, self-refresh will
not activate.

**ALWAYS_ON_DISPLAY**

This property keeps the display pipeline powered on during system suspend. Without this,
the display would be turned off even if self-refresh is active. Together with self-refresh,
it ensures the static frame remains visible throughout the suspend period.

Entering DSS plus DeepSleep Mode
================================

Entering DSS plus DeepSleep requires several steps to configure the display subsystem properly.
First, stop any display manager service that might be actively managing the display:

.. code-block:: console

root@am62lxx-evm:~# systemctl stop emptty

Next, enable always on display to keep the screen active and the DSS self-refresh feature.
This configures the display controller to fetch the framebuffer from its internal memory
instead of accessing DDR. Use ``modetest -M tidss -p`` or ``kmsprint`` to check the CRTC ID
(for ALWAYS_ON_DISPLAY) and plane ID (for SELF_REFRESH) on your system:

.. code-block:: console

root@am62lxx-evm:~# modetest -M tidss -w 42:ALWAYS_ON_DISPLAY:1 # 42 is the CRTC ID
root@am62lxx-evm:~# modetest -M tidss -w 35:SELF_REFRESH:1 # 35 is the plane ID

Display a static image on the screen that remains visible during suspend. This example
uses GStreamer to display a test pattern. Press Ctrl+C to terminate the pipeline. This
keeps the last frame on the screen, allowing the system to enter low power mode:

.. code-block:: console

root@am62lxx-evm:~# gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc pattern=ball ! video/x-raw, width=50, height=50, framerate=60/1, format=RGB ! fpsdisplaysink text-overlay=false video-sink="kmssink can-scale=false sync=false" sync=false -v
Setting pipeline to PAUSED ...
Pipeline is PREROLLING ...
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0/GstKMSSink:kmssink0: display-width = 800
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0/GstKMSSink:kmssink0: display-height = 480
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0/GstKMSSink:kmssink0: sync = false
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstVideoTestSrc:videotestsrc0.GstPad:src: caps = video/x-raw, format=(string)RGB, width=(int)50, height=(int)50, framerate=(fraction)60/1, multiview-mode=(string)mono, pixel-aspect-ratio=(fraction)16/15, interlace-mode=(string)progressive
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstCapsFilter:capsfilter0.GstPad:src: caps = video/x-raw, format=(string)RGB, width=(int)50, height=(int)50, framerate=(fraction)60/1, multiview-mode=(string)mono, pixel-aspect-ratio=(fraction)16/15, interlace-mode=(string)progressive
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0.GstGhostPad:sink.GstProxyPad:proxypad0: caps = video/x-raw, format=(string)RGB, width=(int)50, height=(int)50, framerate=(fraction)60/1, multiview-mode=(string)mono, pixel-aspect-ratio=(fraction)16/15, interlace-mode=(string)progressive
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0/GstKMSSink:kmssink0.GstPad:sink: caps = video/x-raw, format=(string)RGB, width=(int)50, height=(int)50, framerate=(fraction)60/1, multiview-mode=(string)mono, pixel-aspect-ratio=(fraction)16/15, interlace-mode=(string)progressive
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0.GstGhostPad:sink: caps = video/x-raw, format=(string)RGB, width=(int)50, height=(int)50, framerate=(fraction)60/1, multiview-mode=(string)mono, pixel-aspect-ratio=(fraction)16/15, interlace-mode=(string)progressive
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstCapsFilter:capsfilter0.GstPad:sink: caps = video/x-raw, format=(string)RGB, width=(int)50, height=(int)50, framerate=(fraction)60/1, multiview-mode=(string)mono, pixel-aspect-ratio=(fraction)16/15, interlace-mode=(string)progressive
Pipeline is PREROLLED ...
Setting pipeline to PLAYING ...
Redistribute latency...
New clock: GstSystemClock
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0/GstKMSSink:kmssink0: sync = false
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0: last-message = rendered: 16, dropped: 0, current: 30.68, average: 30.68
/GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstFPSDisplaySink:fpsdisplaysink0: last-message = rendered: 32, dropped: 0, current: 30.05, average: 30.36
handling interrupt.:99.
Interrupt: Stopping pipeline ...
Execution ended after 0:00:01.497017765
Setting pipeline to NULL ...
Freeing pipeline ...

After the GStreamer pipeline terminates, the last displayed frame remains on the screen.
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Configure the system to use s2idle suspend which will allow the system to enter the lowest
power state available. Since the display is configured to be ALWAYS ON, DeepSleep + DSS is
the lowest available power state:

.. code-block:: console

root@am62lxx-evm:~# echo s2idle > /sys/power/mem_sleep

The SoC can now suspend using the following command:

.. code-block:: console

root@am62lxx-evm:~# echo mem > /sys/power/state
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[ 101.964352] PM: suspend entry (s2idle)
[ 101.968392] Filesystems sync: 0.000 seconds
[ 101.973713] Freezing user space processes
[ 101.980059] Freezing user space processes completed (elapsed 0.002 seconds)
[ 101.987068] OOM killer disabled.
[ 101.990296] Freezing remaining freezable tasks
[ 101.996139] Freezing remaining freezable tasks completed (elapsed 0.001 seconds)
[ 102.027260] k3_wkup_src_notify wkup-src-notify: wakeup source:0x10000, pin:0x6d, mode:0x8
[ 102.060012] am65-cpsw-nuss 8000000.ethernet: set new flow-id-base 96
[ 102.080175] am65-cpsw-nuss 8000000.ethernet eth0: PHY [8000f00.mdio:00] driver [TI DP83867] (irq=POLL)
[ 102.090380] am65-cpsw-nuss 8000000.ethernet eth0: configuring for phy/rgmii-rxid link mode
[ 102.112383] am65-cpsw-nuss 8000000.ethernet eth1: PHY [8000f00.mdio:01] driver [TI DP83867] (irq=POLL)
[ 102.122586] am65-cpsw-nuss 8000000.ethernet eth1: configuring for phy/rgmii-rxid link mode
[ 102.474090] OOM killer enabled.
[ 102.477363] Restarting tasks: Starting
[ 102.499994] Restarting tasks: Done
[ 102.503505] random: crng reseeded on system resumption
[ 102.509008] PM: suspend exit
root@am62lxx-evm:~#

Changing from Always-On Static Display to Active Dynamic Display
================================================================

After the system resumes from DSS plus DeepSleep, the static frame continues to be displayed
from the FIFO. The display does **not** automatically change back to dynamic content.
To return to normal active display operation, disable the SELF_REFRESH and ALWAYS_ON_DISPLAY
properties:

.. code-block:: console

root@am62lxx-evm:~# modetest -M tidss -w 35:SELF_REFRESH:0 # Disable FIFO replay
root@am62lxx-evm:~# modetest -M tidss -w 42:ALWAYS_ON_DISPLAY:0 # Allow display pipeline to be powered off

Once disabled, the display subsystem returns to fetching framebuffers
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from DDR and can display dynamic content normally. Any display manager or application can
then take control of the display again.

Memory Usage
************

The following table summarizes the usage of memory in different modes of
operation of the device.

+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| Domain | Memory | Boot Operation | Normal Operation | DeepSleep | RTC + I/O + DDR |
+========+=============+======================+==================+===========+===================+
| WKUP | TIFS SRAM | TIFS load (144 KB) | TIFS (144 KB) | TIFS | TIFS (144 KB) |
| | (196 KB) | + Sec ROM (20 KB) | | (144 KB) | |
| | | | | | SEC ROM (20 KB) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | TIFS_STUB (32 KB) |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| WKUP | WKUP PSRAM | Pub ROM (64 KB) | | A53 Stub, | Pub ROM (64 KB) |
| | (512 KB) | or (exclusively) | | TF-A Stub | |
| | | PreBL Stack & | | (64 KB) | |
| | | runtime data (64 KB) | | | |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| Main | MAIN MSRAM | PreBL (64 KB) | TIFS IPC (24 KB) | TIFS IPC | PreBL (64 KB) |
| | (96 KB) | DDR initialization | | (24 KB) | Non-destructive |
| | | | | | DDR initializtion |
| | | Pub ROM (8 KB) | | | |
| | | | | | TIFS IPC + |
| | | ROM IPC (8 KB) | | | ROM IPC (24 KB) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Pub ROM (8 KB) |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| Main | DDR | Linux | Linux | Linux | Linux |
| | | | | | |
| | | TF-A | TF-A | TF-A | TF-A |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+-----------+-------------------+
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
| Domain | Memory | Boot Operation | Normal Operation | DeepSleep / | RTC + I/O + DDR |
| | | | | DSS plus DeepSleep | |
+========+=============+======================+==================+========================+===================+
| WKUP | TIFS SRAM | TIFS load (144 KB) | TIFS (144 KB) | TIFS | TIFS (144 KB) |
| | (196 KB) | + Sec ROM (20 KB) | | (144 KB) | |
| | | | | | SEC ROM (20 KB) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | TIFS_STUB (32 KB) |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
| WKUP | WKUP PSRAM | Pub ROM (64 KB) | | A53 Stub, | Pub ROM (64 KB) |
| | (512 KB) | or (exclusively) | | TF-A Stub | |
| | | PreBL Stack & | | (64 KB) | |
| | | runtime data (64 KB) | | | |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
| Main | MAIN MSRAM | PreBL (64 KB) | TIFS IPC (24 KB) | TIFS IPC | PreBL (64 KB) |
| | (96 KB) | DDR initialization | | (24 KB) | Non-destructive |
| | | | | | DDR initializtion |
| | | Pub ROM (8 KB) | | | |
| | | | | | TIFS IPC + |
| | | ROM IPC (8 KB) | | | ROM IPC (24 KB) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Pub ROM (8 KB) |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
| Main | DDR | Linux | Linux | Linux | Linux |
| | | | | | |
| | | TF-A | TF-A | TF-A | TF-A |
+--------+-------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------------+-------------------+
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -72,3 +72,4 @@ supported by the Linux kernel.
#. RTC Only
#. RTC + I/O + DDR
#. DeepSleep
#. DSS plus DeepSleep
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -53,23 +53,23 @@ valid for given low power modes:

.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_variant in ('AM62LX')

+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| Wakeup Source | DeepSleep | RTC + I/O + DDR | RTC Only |
+================================================+===========+=================+==========+
| Real-Time Clock (RTC) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| WKUP GPIO | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| Main I/O Daisy Chain (Main GPIO and Main UART) | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| WKUP I/O Daisy Chain | Yes | Yes | No |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| WKUP UART | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| USB Wakeup | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
| RTC I/O | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+----------+
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| Wakeup Source | DSS plus DeepSleep | DeepSleep | RTC + I/O + DDR | RTC Only |
+================================================+=====================+============+=================+==========+
| Real-Time Clock (RTC) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| WKUP GPIO | Yes | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| Main I/O Daisy Chain (Main GPIO and Main UART) | Yes | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| WKUP I/O Daisy Chain | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| WKUP UART | No | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| USB Wakeup | Yes | Yes | No | No |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+
| RTC I/O | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+

*********************
Real-Time Clock (RTC)
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